Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking dies at 76

<p>Stephen Hawking died peacefully at his home in Cambridge in England this morning, his family said. &nbsp;<strong>AP Photo, Photo Courtesy</strong></p>

Stephen Hawking died peacefully at his home in Cambridge in England this morning, his family said.  AP Photo, Photo Courtesy

LONDON (AP) — Stephen Hawking, whose brilliant mind ranged across  time and space though his body was paralyzed by disease, has died, a  family spokesman said early Wednesday.

“He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and  legacy will live on for many years,” his children Lucy, Robert and Tim  said in a statement.

The best-known theoretical physicist of his time, Hawking wrote so lucidly of the mysteries of space, time and black holes that his book,  “A Brief History of Time,” became an international best seller, making him one of science’s biggest celebrities since Albert Einstein.

Even though his body was attacked by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,  or ALS, when Hawking was 21, he stunned doctors by living with the  normally fatal illness for more than 50 years. A severe attack of pneumonia in 1985 left him breathing through a tube, forcing him to  communicate through an electronic voice synthesizer that gave him his  distinctive robotic monotone.

But he continued his scientific work, appeared on television and married for a second time.

As one of Isaac Newton’s successors as Lucasian Professor of  Mathematics at Cambridge University, Hawking was involved in the search  for the great goal of physics — a “unified theory.”

Such a theory would resolve the contradictions between Einstein’s  General Theory of Relativity, which describes the laws of gravity that  govern the motion of large objects like planets, and the Theory of  Quantum Mechanics, which deals with the world of subatomic particles.

For Hawking, the search was almost a religious quest — he said  finding a “theory of everything” would allow mankind to “know the mind  of God.”

“A complete, consistent unified theory is only the first step: our  goal is a complete understanding of the events around us, and of our own  existence,” he wrote in “A Brief History of Time.”

In later years, though, he suggested a unified theory might not exist.

He followed up “A Brief History of Time” in 2001 with the more  accessible sequel “The Universe in a Nutshell,” updating readers on  concepts like super gravity, naked singularities and the possibility of  an 11-dimensional universe.

Hawking said belief in a God who intervenes in the universe “to make  sure the good guys win or get rewarded in the next life” was wishful thinking.

“But one can’t help asking the question: Why does the universe  exist?” he said in 1991. “I don’t know an operational way to give the  question or the answer, if there is one, a meaning. But it bothers me.”

The combination of his best-selling book and his almost total  disability — for a while he could use a few fingers, later he could only  tighten the muscles on his face — made him one of science’s most  recognizable faces.

He made cameo television appearances in “The Simpsons” and “Star  Trek” and counted among his fans U2 guitarist The Edge, who attended a  January 2002 celebration of Hawking’s 60th birthday.

His early life was chronicled in the 2014 film “The Theory of  Everything,” with Eddie Redmayne winning the best actor Academy Award  for his portrayal of the scientist. The film focused still more  attention on Hawking’s remarkable achievements.

Some colleagues credited that celebrity with generating new enthusiasm for science.

His achievements, and his longevity, also helped prove to many that  even the most severe disabilities need not stop patients from living.

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